Status of Major Coffee Diseases of Coffea Arabica L. in Afromontane Rainforests of Ethiopia. A Review

摘要

Coffee berry disease ( Colletotrichum kahawae ), coffee wilt disease ( Gibberella xylarioides ) and coffee leaf rust ( Hemileia vastatrix ) were found prevalent in afromontane rainforest coffee areas (Harenna, Bonga, Berhan-Kontir and Yayu) of Ethiopia. The mean incidence and severity/intensity of coffee berry disease (CBD) ranged from 6.0 to 40.0% and from 2.0% to 17.9% at Berhan-Kontir and Bonga, respectively. The mean incidence of coffee wilt disease (CWD) varied from 2.4% at Berihan-Kontir to 16.9% at Yayu forest coffee areas. The mean incidence of coffee leaf rust (CLR) varied from 32.2% at Berihan-Kontir to 96% at Harenna. CLR also occurred in all field sites with annual variation in intensity. Investigation on morphological characteristics of uredinospores showed typical length and width with average sizes of 31.61 x 21.19 μm, Race specification indicated race II (v5) from Berhane-Kontir, race III (v1,5) and X (v1,4,5) from Bonga CLR collections. Recent investigation on Hemileia vastatrix hyperparasites has placed Ethiopian findings into Verticillium lecani . The results of assessments have revealed indicators to implement integrated management of major coffee diseases for sustainable conservation and wise use of forest coffee in afromontane rainforest of Ethiopia.