Analysis of water exchange via pipe culverts in Opatija marina

摘要

In areas with small tidal oscillations (such as the Mediterranean Sea), the exchange of water in harbours can be improved by pipe culverts incorporated in breakwaters. The effect of natural factors on water exchange was tested via in-situ measurements conducted in Opatija marina. It was established that the flow in partly submerged pipe culverts exceeds by two times the flow in a fully submerged pipe culvert. In the period without wind and waves, almost three percent of the total volume circulates through a pipe culvert during a single tidal oscillation.