Neuropeptides (NPs) are the largest class of signaling molecules used by nervous systems. Despite their functional importance, numerous challenges exist to characterize the full complement of NPs - the neuropeptidome. In this review, we discuss recent advances in MS-based techniques for NP identification and quantitation, as well as sample preparation strategies for various applications in several crustacean model organisms. By surveying published examples of crustacean neuropeptidomic analyses, we highlight challenges and progress in this dynamic field, and summarize the current state of knowledge about crustacean NPs and MS-based methodologies for NP analysis.
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