Spread of chikungunya from the Caribbean to mainland Central and South America: a greater risk of spillover in Europe?

摘要

There are no prospects of a human vaccine or cura- tive antiviral treatment available in a near future. Therefore, the only opportunity of preventing dissemi- nation to Europe consists in reducing the vector den- sity and its contacts with humans. People living in an area colonised by Aedes vector mosquitoes should be taught how to prevent and eliminate man-made breed- ing sites to reduce the overall vector density around their homes and workplaces. They should be informed about personal protective measures to avoid mosquito bites such as wearing long-sleeve shirts and long trou- sers and using repellent on exposed skin. Travellers should strictly observe the recommendations for per- sonal protection against mosquito bites while visiting areas where CHIKV transmission is active. In case of fever upon return to an area where the vector is estab- lished, travellers should seek medical attention and prevent mosquito bites while symptomatic. Because both vector mosquitoes are day biters, nets are of lim- ited use. But they can be useful to protect in particular young children and infected patients that are resting. Healthcare professionals should become increasingly aware of the clinical presentation and diagnostics of chikungunya, as well as treatment relieving symptoms. They should advise travellers and cases about protec- tive measures against mosquitoes.