Instrumentos para la evaluación del clima de aprendizaje en residencias médicas: síntesis de la evidencia a la luz de las definiciones psicométricas

摘要

Introduction and objective The evaluation of the learning climate in medical residences is fundamental to ensure the quality of medical education. There are several tools available for this purpose. The aim of this study is to present a synthesis of these tools, with an emphasis on their psychometric properties. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate original studies focused on the psychometric properties of tools for the measurement of learning climate in medical residences. The general characteristics of each tool were described, as well as their psychometric properties according to accepted theoretical definitions. Results A total of 40 studies evaluating 11 tools were included. All (100%) of the tools studied satisfied criteria for content (100%) and construct validity (81%). Less tools showed convergent / divergent (36%), predictive (18.1%), and concurrent (18.1%) validation. Most of them had some type of reliability analysis (81%), being high in most of them. Conclusions There are a significant number of tools available for the evaluation of learning climate in posgraduate training. There is sufficient evidence to support content and construct validity, and reliability. Further studies are required to provide evidence with regard to other types of validity.