Numerical models rely on the parameterization of processes that often lack a deterministic description. In this contribution we demonstrate the applicability of using machine learning, a class of optimization tools from the discipline of computer science, to develop parameterizations when extensive data sets exist. We develop a new predictor for near-bed suspended sediment reference concentration under unbroken waves using genetic programming, a machine learning technique. We demonstrate that this newly developed parameterization performs as well or better than existing empirical predictors, depending on the chosen error metric. We add this new predictor into an established model for inner-shelf sorted bedforms. Additionally we incorporate a previously reported machine-learning-derived predictor for oscillatory flow ripples into the sorted bedform model. This new "hybrid" sorted bedform model, whereby machine learning components are integrated into a numerical model, demonstrates a method of incorporating observational data (filtered through a machine learning algorithm) directly into a numerical model. Results suggest that the new hybrid model is able to capture dynamics previously absent from the model – specifically, two observed pattern modes of sorted bedforms. Lastly we discuss the challenge of integrating data-driven components into morphodynamic models and the future of hybrid modeling.
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