The study was conducted to determine the family, social and economic factors associated with deaths of children aged under 5 years. A registry-based nested case–control study was conducted of the deaths of all children aged under 5 years in Kohgilooyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province in the Islamic Republic of Iran. For each death, two controls were randomly selected among children of the same age, sex and place of residence (186 cases and 372 controls). Congenital abnormality (37.6%) and preterm birth (29.0%) were the two most frequent causes of death among children aged under 5 years. No vaccine-preventable disease was reported as the cause of death. The strongest associations were found with consanguinity of the parents (OR = 3.92; 95% CI = 2.27–6.85 for being first cousins in comparison with no family relation; P < 0.001) and with domestic violence to the mother during pregnancy (OR = 3.13; 95% CI = 1.60–6.17; P < 0.01). The main causes of death of children aged under 5 years in the Province were congenital abnormality and prematurity.
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机译：进行该研究以确定与5岁以下儿童死亡相关的家庭，社会和经济因素。在伊朗伊斯兰共和国的Kohgilooyeh和Boyer-Ahmad省，进行了基于注册表的嵌套病例对照研究，研究了所有5岁以下儿童的死亡情况。对于每位死亡，从年龄，性别和居住地点相同的儿童中随机选择两个对照（186例和372个对照）。先天性异常（37.6％）和早产（29.0％）是5岁以下儿童中最常见的两个死亡原因。没有疫苗可预防的疾病被报告为死亡原因。发现与父母的血缘关系最密切（OR = 3.92; 95％CI = 2.27–6.85，因为他们是近亲，而不是亲戚; P <0.001）以及怀孕期间对母亲的家庭暴力（OR = 3.13） ; 95％CI = 1.60-6.17; P <0.01）。该省5岁以下儿童的主要死亡原因是先天性异常和早产。
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