Serum Levels of Intercellular Adhesion Molecules, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecules, and C - reactive protein in Chronic Renal Failure Patients Receiving Haemodialysis with Different Etiologyby

摘要

Anomalies of craniovertebral junction are of interest not only to an anatomist, but also to the clinicians because many of these deformities produce clinical symptoms. Abnormalities of this area can be classified as congenital, developmental, acquired, traumatic, tumors, inflammatory, occurring either alone or in combination. Most suitable surgical techniques are to be established for a careful planning mainly based on the foramen magnum size to refrain from any neurological injury. The aims this study is to conduct the morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum and the occipital condyles and to assess bony variations in the region of foramen magnum and the occipital condyles. One has to be familiar with the anatomical structure of foramen magnum region and the probable variations of the structures in order to achieve the appropriate exposures with the best surgical outcome.