Fast Dissolving Oral Thin Films: An Effective Dosage Form for Quick Releases”

摘要

The Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) pollution is a major concern worldwide. It is a dangerous environmental toxicant that can be lethal to humans and other organisms. The current study was designed to investigate the toxicity of Cd on the oxidative stress biomarkers and the respiratory metabolism of an alternative unicellular model, Paramecium sp. Four Cd concentrations were used: 0.5; 1; 2 and 5 mM. Stress generated by the metal was assessed on cellular growth, respiratory metabolism, antioxidant enzymatic activity (GSH, GST and Cat) and reactive oxygen species variations (ROS). The outcomes of this investigation revealed that Cd is lethal to the protozoan Paramecium sp. since the first lowest concentration, showing a concentration dependent decrease of the cell number. Our results highlight an inhibitory effect of Paramecium sp. respiratory metabolism. A time dependent increase in antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) associated with ROS production, and a time dependent decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) was observed. In summary, our study shows, that the Cd is involved in the induction of an oxidizing stress expressed by, a cell growth disturbance, a respiratory metabolism disruption and a stimulation of ROS production. The results also highlight significant antioxidant capacity induced in Paramecium sp.