A Review on Matrix Metallo Proteinases-9 (MMP-9) and Cancer Progression: Focusing Molecular Insights of MMP-9 Activation Signaling Pathways and Role in Breast Cancer and Esophageal Cancer

摘要

Matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteolytic enzymes which are calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) also known as Gelatinase B from gelatinase class represents the largest and most complex member of MMP family. Gelatinase B is directly involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, tumor metastasis, and more recently MMP-9 activity has been linked with the process of tumor cell Intravasation leads to cancer progression. Cancer is a complex network of diseases which is charectarised by abnormal growth of cell involved in metastasis or invading the cells from site of origin to other sites in the body, which causes significant morbidity and mortality. MMP-9 has found to be involved in almost all cancer initiation, invasion and metastasis. Consistent with their role in breast cancer progression and esophageal cancer, high levels of MMP-9 have been found in patients with breast cancer and esophageal cancer, correlated with poor prognosis in patients. Many of the signaling induction pathways leads to activation of MMP-9 in various cancers. In this review article a brief on MMP-9, its role in cancer progression and molecular insights of MMP-9 activation signaling pathways leads to cancer progression has been given in different cancers mainly focused in breast cancer and esophageal cancer. By understanding activation pathways of MMP-9, various targets to inhibit MMP-9 can be traced in future to inhibit cancer progression that is can be used to provide new strategies for inhibition of cancer metastasis and angiogenesis.