Over the years, considerable efforts have been made to study the performance of Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) and mould of continuous slab caster. Numerous physical and numerical modelling studies have already been carried out and reported in the literature to study the fluid flow behaviour inside the mould. Based on the extensive literature search, a summary of these is presented here. For the sake of convenience, the studies have been categorized into two major groups, e.g., physical modelling and numerical modelling. In each of these categories, a large number of publications on various aspects have been reported. Sufficiently reliable numerical models are also currently available and these also allow one to carry out full scale predictions and useful engineering design calculations.
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