Since the late 50s hydraulics have been the systems of choice where high force-to-weight ratios are required. Today hydraulic excavators are widely used in construction, mining, excavation, and forestry applications. The skilled operator also cannot know about the terrain condition, soil parameters, and the soil-tool interaction forces exerted during excavation operation are required to find because these forces helpful for better design of the tool, backhoe parts and for trajectory planning. This paper focuses on the review of a work carried out by researchers in the same field which includes the fundamental of soil mechanics, soil tool interaction forces and various parameters affect on the soil-tool interaction during its actual digging action. This area is open to carry out further research to know the effect of various parameters on soil-tool interaction, prediction of digging trajectory and excavation forces and for robust design of backhoe mechanism.
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