Review of emerging methods and techniques for arterial pressure and flow waves acquisition and analyses

摘要

Background: A brief reviewof the principles and tools for arterial pressure measurements is presented.The methods are based on compression of an artery like brachial, radial,digital or some other arteries, that go back to the pulse diagnostics oforiental medicine, decompression Riva-Rocci method and the first sphygmographinvented by E. Marey. Existing tools for the pulse palpation and arterialpressure auscultation are discussed from the point of view of their accuracyand reliability. Applanation tonometry and light absorption methods and theirimplantation into the lightweight wearable devices are discussed. Advantagesand disadvantages of different methods are formulated. It is shown the directintra-arterial pressure measurements via a catheter remains the only reliablefor anaesthetized, postoperative and patients of the cardiac intensive careunit, and persons with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, faint pulse,arrhythmia and some others. Despite increased interest in non -invasivepressure monitoring, many commercially available tools have failed to satisfythe AAMI standards. The systems for continuous noninvasive arterial pressuremonitoring based on photosensors are reviewed. Accuracy and reliability ofportable units for pulse oxymetry are discussed. The recently developed mobileapps technologies and microchips are promising future technologies forcontinuous health monitoring based on the multisensory design, though nowadaystheir accuracy is not satisfactory.