The Distribution of Culex spp (Diptera: Culicidae) in Selected Endemic Lymphatic Filariasis Villages in Bandung District West Java Indonesia

摘要

Abstrak. Data entomologis terkait aspek bionomik dan distribusi nyamuk vektor lymphatic filariasis di Kabupaten Bandung masih sangat sedikit meskipun kabupaten ini sudah mengimplementasikan POPM Filariasis dari tahun 2009. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengindentifikasi spesies nyamuk potensial penular lymphatic filariasis dan habitatnya di wilayah endemis filariasis yaitu Kecamatan Majalaya, Kabupaten Bandung. Survei dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan yaitu September – Oktober 2013 di dua desa Kecamatan Majalaya. Kegiatannya adalah pencidukan larva (termasuk plotting habitat, salinitas, temperatur air, pH), penangkapan nyamuk dewasa menggunakan metode human landing (dalam dan luar rumah) serta resting (dinding rumah dan kandang ternak). Hasil penangkapan nyamuk memperoleh enam spesies yang berhasil diidentifikasi. Culex quinquefasciatus dan Cx. tritaeniorhynchus adalah nyamuk yang dominan tertangkap dengan puncak gigitan antara jam 21.00-01.00 WIB. Terdapat lima tempat perkembangbiakan potensial yang teramati disekitar desa tersebut yang terdiri dari kolam ikan yang terbengkalai dan persawahan dengan salinitas 0‰, temperatur air 28,5-29°C, pH 6-7. Meskipun MHD dan MBR vektor filariasis yaitu Cx. quinquefasciatus di wilayah tersebut relatif rendah, penularan masih dapat terjadi karena didukung dengan kondisi lingkungan dan keberadaan nyamuk vektor tersebut di wilayah iniKata kunci: lymphatic filariasis; tempat perkembangbiakan; Cx. quinquefasciatus; kepadatan, BandungAbstract. Bandung district has been implemented mass drug administration (MDA) program since 2009, but little is known about entomological data especially about bionomic aspects and distribution of lymphatic filariasis (LF) mosquito vectors. This study was aimed to identify potential LF mosquito species and its potential breeding sites in two LF endemic villages in Majalaya, Bandung district. The observational study was conducted in September-October 2013. Mosquito larvae were collected by a scoop and adult mosquitos were captured through indoor-outdoor human-landing and resting collection to identify species diversity and density. Six species filariasis mosquito vectors were identified. The primary LF vectors, Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were found as dominant species with peak landing time between 9 p.m. – 1 a.m. Five potential breeding sites was identified near to villages including neglected fish-pool and paddy field with salinity 0‰, water temperature 28.5-29°C, pH 6-7. The Man-Hour Density (MHD) and Man-Biting Rate (MBR) of Cx. quinquefasciatus was relatively low, however, transmission may potentially occur due to their existence and the availability of favorable environmental conditions across the villages.Keywords: lymphatic filariasis; breeding site; Cx. quinquefasciatus; man-biting density, Bandung