σ1a adaptin regulates APP transgolgi sorting in neurons

摘要

Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates glial-mediated inflammation in the poly-I:C-induced fatigue in rats The over-activation of immune system results in fatigue and decrease physical activity in animal model and human. Viral infec- tion in central nervous system triggers astrogliosis and microgliosis accompanied by enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1b (IL-1b), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-I:C), virus-mimicking synthetic double-stranded RNA, is a ligand of toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) and is able to initiate rapid innate immune responses. It was previously reported that poly-I:C-induced rat showed glial activation in brain resulted in decreased spontaneous running wheel and locomotor activity and impaired learning and memory. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been explored in multiple experimental animal models and clinical trials of epileptic seizure and drug-resistant depres- sion. Especially, anti-inflammatory properties of VNS have been reported in chemical-induced animal models such as lipopolysac- charide (LPS), an endotoxin derived from Gram-negative bacteria.