Long-Range Transport of SO 2 from Continental Asia to Northeast Asia and the Northwest Pacific Ocean: Flow Rate Estimation Using OMI Data, Surface in Situ Data, and the HYSPLIT Model

摘要

This present study suggests a method to calculate the SO 2 flow rate from a source area to receptor areas on a regional scale using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) SO 2 products, surface in situ SO 2 data, and the hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The method was implemented to calculate the SO 2 flow rate from continental Asia to northeast Asia and the Northwest Pacific Ocean. For the high SO 2 events when SO 2 was transported from continental Asia to Japan via the Korean Peninsula on 22–24 December 2006, the long-range transported SO 2 flow rates were 14.0 (21.0) Mg·h ?1 OMI·gird ?1 at Gangneung (Seoul) in Korea and 4.2 (5.3) Mg·h ?1 OMI·gird ?1 at Hiroshima (Kumamoto) in Japan. For the long-range transport of SO 2 from continental Asia to the Northwest Pacific Ocean on 6–7 October 2008 (9–11 October 2006), the flow rates were 16.1 (16.2) Mg·h ?1 OMI·gird ?1 at Hokkaido, Japan (Vladivostok, Russia) and 5.6 (16.7) Mg·h ?1 OMI·gird ?1 at the Aleutian Islands, Northwest Pacific Ocean (Bering Sea). The mean rates of decrease in the SO 2 flow rate per 1000 km were also calculated between continental Asia and the receptor areas. Uncertainties in the flow rate estimates were also assessed and discussed.