Nitrous oxide is a trace gas with two global environmental effects: it depletes stratospheric ozone and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Oceans are one of the most significant nitrous oxide sources; however, there are ocean areas whose contributions to the nitrous oxide budget are not yet well studied. The Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean feature strong winds and portions that are covered by sea ice. These intense environmental conditions and the remoteness of these regions hamper fieldwork; hence, very limited data are available on the distributions and the source and sink characteristics of nitrous oxide. Using data from the 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition and the 27th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, the first global-scale investigation of the surface water N 2 O distribution pattern, the factors influencing the N 2 O distribution and the air-sea N 2 O flux are discussed in this study. The results show that the tropical and subtropical regions (30???° N?￠????30???° S) exhibit significant source characteristics, with a maximum air-sea flux of approximately 21.0 ???± 3.9 ????mol???·m ?￠????2 ???·d ?￠????1 . The high air-sea flux may result from the coastal influences and high wind speeds in certain areas. The distribution patterns of N 2 O in the sub-polar regions (30???° N?￠????60???° N, 30???° S?￠????60???° S) transition from oversaturated to approximate equilibrium with the atmosphere, and the boundaries generally correspond with frontal structures. The distributions of N 2 O in the high-latitude Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean (>60???° N and 60???° S) exhibit contrasting patterns. With the exception of the continental shelf hotspot, the Arctic Ocean surface water is undersaturated with N 2 O; in contrast, the high-latitude Southern Ocean along the cruise track is oversaturated with N 2 O. The high-latitude Southern Ocean may act as a N 2 O source, with a maximum air-sea N 2 O flux of approximately 9.8 ???± 0.5 ????mol???·m ?￠????2 ???·d ?￠????1 at approximately 60???° S, whereas the air-sea N 2 O flux of the Arctic Ocean is close to zero due to the low wind speed conditions at these latitudes.
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机译：一氧化二氮是一种微量气体，具有两种全球环境影响：消耗平流层臭氧并导致温室效应。海洋是最重要的一氧化二氮来源之一;但是，有些海洋地区对一氧化二氮预算的贡献尚未得到很好的研究。南大洋和北冰洋具有强风和被海冰覆盖的部分。这些严峻的环境条件和这些地区的偏远妨碍了野外工作。因此，关于一氧化二氮的分布以及源和汇特性的数据非常有限。利用第四次中国北极研究远征队和第二十七届中国南极研究远征队的数据，首次对地表水N 2 O分布模式，影响N 2 O分布和海气N 2的因素进行了全球规模的研究。 O通量将在本研究中讨论。结果表明，热带和亚热带地区（30°C N 3 -30°S）表现出显着的源特征，最大的海气通量约为21.0±3.9Ω。摩尔············································································································································································································较高的海气通量可能是由于沿海地区的影响以及某些地区的高风速引起的。 N 2 O在亚极性区域中的分布模式（30℃°N≤60℃N，30℃°S≤60≤60℃ S）从与大气过度饱和过渡到近似平衡，并且边界通常对应于额叶结构。 N 2 O在高纬度南部海洋和北冰洋（> 60°C N和60°C°S）中的分布表现出相反的模式。除大陆架热点外，北冰洋地表水的N 2 O含量不足;相比之下，沿航迹的高纬度南洋被N 2 O饱和。高纬度南洋可以作为N 2 O源，最大的海气N 2 O通量约为9.8Ω。约±0.5Ω·······················································································································································由于这些纬度地区的低风速条件，北冰洋的风速接近于零。
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