The effects of chronic metformin treatment on cognitive functions in C57BL6/J

摘要

Tactile modulation of memory and anxiety requires dentate granule cells along the dorsoventral axis Touch can positively influence cognition and emotion, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that touch improves memory and alleviates anxiety by remod- eling of neurons along the dorsoventral axis of the dentate gyrus (DG) in adult mice. Enriched tactile experience lastingly modulates behavior and induces differential activation and struc- tural modification of neurons in dorsal DG (dDG) and ventral DG (vDG). Tactile enrichment strengthens the connectivity from lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) layer 2 neurons, which receive inputs from the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), to tac- tile experience-activated DG neurons. Chemogenetic activation of touch-tagged dDG and vDG neurons is sufficient to enhance memory and reduce anxiety respectively, whereas inactivation of these neurons abolishes memory-enhancing and anxiolytic effects of tactile enrichment. Moreover, adult tactile enrichment attenuates early-life stress-induced memory deficits and anxiety- related behavior. Our findings demonstrate that touch retunes the S1+LEC-—dDG/vDG pathway and enhances DG neuron plasticity to modulate cognition and emotion.