Dietary program and physical activity impact on biochemical markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

摘要

ObjectivesEvaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of independently or combined dietary and physical activity programs on the blood glucose values and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes, including participants aged 60 years and over.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcePubMed/Medline database, with language restrictions. Papers published between 2010 and 2016 were included.Study selectionA total of 30 randomised controlled trials were included that focused on physical activity and dietary interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and include participants aged 60 years and over.ResultsThe selected articles have shown that the implementation of physical activity programs (aerobic, resistance, flexibility and combined exercises), and programs based on a higher intake of vegetables, grains, legumes, fruits, unsaturated fatty acids, as well as consumption of foods with low glycaemic index, calorie restriction, intake of probiotics, vitamin D supplementation and educational sessions about diabetes improves blood glucose levels, as well as the lipid profile, in patients with type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsPhysical activity and dietary programs are fundamental in the treatment and metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.