A method for measuring total aerosol oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and comparisons between an urban and roadside site of water-soluble and total OP

摘要

pstrongAbstract./strong An automated analytical system was developed for measuring the oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay of filter extracts that include both water-soluble and water-insoluble (solid) aerosol species. Three approaches for measuring total oxidative potential were compared. These include using methanol as the solvent with??(1) and without??(2) filtering the extract, followed by removing the solvent and reconstituting with water, and (3)??extraction in pure water and performing the OP analysis in the extraction vial with the filter. The water extraction method (the third approach, with filter remaining in the vial) generally yielded the highest DTT responses with better precision (coefficient of variation of 1–5span class="thinspace"/span%) and was correlated with a greater number of other aerosol components. Because no organic solvents were used, which must be mostly eliminated prior to DTT analysis, it was easiest to automate by modifying an automated analytical system for measuring water-soluble OP developed by Fang et al.??(2015). Therefore, the third method was applied to the field study for the determination of total OP. Daily 23span class="thinspace"/spanh filter samples were collected simultaneously at a roadside (RS) and a representative urban (Georgia Tech, GT) site for two 1-month study periods, and both water-soluble (OPsupWS-DTT/sup) and total (OPsupTotal-DTT/sup) OP were measured. Using PMsub2.a??5/sub (aerodynamic diameterspan class="thinspace"/spana??&a??span class="thinspace"/span2.5span class="thinspace"/span?μm) high-volume samplers with quartz filters, the OPsupWS-DTT/sup-to-OPsupTotal-DTT/sup ratio at the urban site was 65span class="thinspace"/span% with a correlation coefficient (ir/i) of 0.71 (iN/ia??a??=a??a??35; ip/i??valuespan class="thinspace"/spana??&a??span class="thinspace"/span0.01), compared to a ratio of 62span class="thinspace"/span% and ir/ia??=a??0.a??56 (iN/ia??a??=a??a??31; ip/i??valuespan class="thinspace"/spana??&a??span class="thinspace"/span0.01) at the roadside site. The same DTT analyses were performed, and similar results were found using particle composition monitors (flow rate of 16.7span class="thinspace"/spanLa??minsupa??1/sup) with Teflon filters. Comparison of measurements between sites showed only slightly higher levels of both OPsupWS-DTT/sup and OPsupTotal-DTT/sup at the RS site, indicating both OPsupWS-DTT/sup and OPsupTotal-DTT/sup were largely spatially homogeneous. These results are consistent with roadway emissions as sources of DTT-quantified PMsub2.a??5/sub OP and indicate that both soluble and insoluble aerosol components contributing to OP are largely secondary./p.