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Comparative Gene Expression and Biochemical Analysis of Aspergillus-Resistant and Susceptible Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Testa Cell Walls

机译:耐曲霉花生和易感花生(花生)的睾丸细胞壁的比较基因表达和生化分析

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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important crop used for human consumption, fodder, and oil production. Over 1.5 million acres were planted in the United States in 2016, hauling in over 1 billion in USD revenue according to the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Its importance as an economic and food staple cannot be overstated, for both developed countries and rural farmers in developing countries. The threat of contamination from health damaging mycotoxins, namely Aflatoxin B1 (AF), is no new hazard in the community and preventative measures have been studied and implemented globally. However, the cost of maintaining acceptable low levels of AF can be considerable when both pre- and post-harvest storage techniques must be considered. The need for a cost-effective way to handle AF levels in peanut will benefit both the rural and industrialized farmer. A possible solution is the deelopment of improved Aspergillus-resistant cultivars, reducing and/or eliminating the need for resources spent on maintaining low AF contamination. Increasing resistance to pathogens by identifying, and understanding cell wall components in peanut testa provides a promising road to developing new resistant cultivars. The cell wall is the primary physical barrier that protects the cell from abiotic and biotic stress in the environment. Cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin along with phenolic acids, condensed tannins and anthocyanins are potential factors important for disease resistance. Here we investigated these cell wall components in Aspergillus-resistant (55-437) and susceptible lines (TMV-2) to determine any significance related to increased. Results showed no significant difference in the overall percentage of lignin found within the cells of the two lines. However, lignin composition quantification showed 55-437 having a significant increase in the overall amount of H-lignin. Insoluble proanthocyanidins were shown to also be increased in 55-437. These cell wall factors potentially play important roles in providing the peanut cotyledon with both a chemical and physical barrier, on the cellular level, to infection from fungi.
机译:花生(花生)是用于人类消费,饲料和石油生产的重要作物。根据美国农业部国家农业统计局的数据,2016年美国种植了超过150万英亩土地,收入超过10亿美元。无论是发达国家还是发展中国家的农村农民,其作为经济和粮食主食的重要性都不能高估。危害健康的真菌毒素,即黄曲霉毒素B1(AF)造成的污染威胁,在社区中并不是新的危害,已经在全球范围内研究和实施了预防措施。但是,当必须同时考虑收获前和收获后的存储技术时,维持可接受的低水平AF的成本可能会相当可观。需要一种经济有效的方法来处理花生中的AF水平,这将使农村农民和工业化农民都受益。一种可能的解决方案是开发改良的抗曲霉菌品种,减少和/或消除对维持低AF污染所花费的资源的需求。通过鉴定和了解花生睾丸中的细胞壁成分来提高对病原体的抗性,为开发新的抗性品种提供了一条有希望的道路。细胞壁是保护细胞免受环境中非生物和生物胁迫的主要物理屏障。细胞壁成分,例如纤维素,半纤维素,木质素和果胶,以及酚酸,缩合的单宁和花色苷,是对抗病性至关重要的潜在因素。在这里,我们研究了抗曲霉菌(55-437)和易感株系(TMV-2)中的这些细胞壁成分,以确定与升高有关的任何显着性。结果表明,在两株细胞中发现的木质素的总百分比没有显着差异。然而,木质素组成定量显示55-437具有显着增加的H-木质素总量。显示不溶性原花青素在55-437中也增加。这些细胞壁因子在提供花生子叶在细胞水平上对真菌感染的化学和物理屏障方面可能发挥重要作用。

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