Evaluación de leguminosas como abono verde en cultivos forrajeros para ganaderías en el Caribe seco colombiano

摘要

The dual-purpose livestock systems in the tropics milk production is reduced during the dry season due to the decrease in the quantity and quality of forage on offer. The impact can be reduced by using forage crops as supplements generated with the use of green fertilizers. The objective of this research was to determinate the nitrogen contribution of legumes in corn forage production. During the years 2013 to 2014, in the Colombian Dry Caribbean three experiments were established with seven levels of nitrogen (N) (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) and the incorporation of?Canavalia brasiliensis?(CIAT 17009),?Vigna unguiculata (CIAT 4294),?Clitoria ternatea?(CIAT 21815),?Canavalia ensiformis?(CIAT 21826) and?Lablab purpureus?(CIAT 22656) in a random block design.?C. ensiformis?showed the highest contribution of N (151 kg/ha) and?V. unguiculata?the lowest (35 kg/ha). The application of 200 kg of N and the incorporation of?C. ensiformis?and?C. brasiliensis?did not show a difference in the yield of maize biomass. N use efficiency by corn crop was 31 - 84%, reduced with increased in the dose of N. Levels of NO3?in the soil ranged from 20 to 41 mg/kg at the time of harvest, suggesting that a high proportion of N coming from the legume was not assimilated by the crop. The C:N ratio was 11.63 in legumes and 23.94 in weeds. Organic soil C increased by 22% due to legume green manure, with the highest content (0.70%) in?L. purpureus. The legumes?C. ensiformis,?C. brasiliensis?and?L. purpureus?showed high potential to provide N, C, and to conserve soil moisture.