To track the selection evident along the genome segment of OsLEA27?gene, a member of dehydrin gene family, 2.9-kbp nucleotide sequence containing the promoter 5’ upstream and transcribed region of OsLEA27?was determined for 35 upland and dryland Myanmar landraces from drought-prone areas. Nucleotide diversity, neutrality tests, haplotype network analysis, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis were performed to infer the impact of selection and to investigate nonrandom associations of SNPs within all or part of the entire OsLEA27?region. The evidence for LD, the presence of two distinct haplotype groups across four different geographical regions, and the significant values obtained in a sliding-window analysis of mutation-drift tests all suggest the effects of selection on OsLEA27?in a set of 30 landraces. The neutrality test values for 5’ upstream region of OsLEA27?were significantly negative (p OsLEA27 region was significantly negative in accessions of the northern group, indicating a recent increase in population size or selection pressure. This evidence for selection signatures at OsLEA27 in this study sample provides insight into the roles of selection, crop adaptation, and genetic diversity in establishing present-day variation at the OsLEA27 locus.
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