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Sewage Sludge: An Important Biological Resource for Sustainable Agriculture and Its Environmental Implications

机译:污泥:可持续农业的重要生物资源及其对环境的影响

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Intensive farming generally needs large addition of organic matter to maintain fertility and enhance crop yields. Sewage sludge/biosolids are by-products of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment and a rich source of organic nutrients. Sewage sludge having high content of organic matter, macro- and micro-nutrients, can be used as fertilizer/soil conditioner for food, vegetable crop, horticultural plants and pasture, which in most cases can be beneficially recycled. In the past sewage sludge was regarded as a waste product due to expected high level of contaminants such as pathogens, pollutants and synthetic materials discharged in sewer from homes and industries, which were often incinerated, dumped in occasion or land fill. As a result of rapidly increasing population, urbanization and industrialization, wastewater production and sewage sludge generation have increased manifold. Due to high cost of mineral fertilizers and escalating trends in their prices, there is an increasing trend of using sewage sludge in agriculture, especially under intensive cropping in arid and semi arid regions of the country. Therefore, application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils may be sustainable and economical due to nutrient cycling and disposal of sewage sludge. However, there may be a risk in use of sewage sludge due to potentially harmful contents present in the sludge such as heavy metals and pathogens. This paper, therefore, presents a review on various aspects of sewage sludge used in agriculture.
机译:集约化耕作通常需要大量添加有机物以维持肥力并提高农作物产量。污水污泥/生物固体是市政和工业废水处理的副产品,也是有机养分的丰富来源。具有高有机质含量,大量和微量营养素的污水污泥可用作食品,蔬菜,园艺植物和牧场的肥料/土壤改良剂,在大多数情况下可以进行有益的循环利用。过去,由于预期的高水平污染物(例如病原体,污染物和合成材料从家庭和工业中排放到下水道中)通常被焚化,偶尔弃置或填埋,污水污泥被视为废物。由于人口迅速增加,城市化和工业化,废水生产和污水污泥的产生增加了很多。由于矿物肥料的高成本和价格上涨的趋势,在农业中使用污水污泥的趋势正在增加,特别是在该国干旱和半干旱地区的集约化种植下。因此,由于养分循环和污水污泥的处置,将污水污泥施用于农业土壤可能是可持续和经济的。但是,由于污泥中存在潜在的有害成分(例如重金属和病原体),因此存在使用污泥的风险。因此,本文对农业污水污泥的各个方面进行了综述。

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