Prevalence and Common Microbial Isolates of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy; A Four Year Review in a Tertiary Health Institution in Abakaliki, South-East Nigeria

摘要

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most frequently seen medical complications of pregnancy. Despite significant advances in managing urinary tract infection in pregnancy, its occurrence is still associated with adverse feto-maternal complications. Objective: To determine the prevalence and common microbial isolates of urinary tract infections in pregnancy at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. Methodology: This was a four year retrospective study of cases of urinary tract infection in pregnancy (from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2015). A total of 111cases of urinary tract infection we reviewed under the 4 year period. Information were obtained from the medical records of participants and analysed with Epi info Version 7. The process involved descriptive statistics. Results: The prevalence of UTI in this study was 2.0%. The mean age of patients was 26.2±5.6years. Majority of the patients 58.6% (65) fell within the age range of 20-29 years and 30-39 years age group were 31(27.9%). Sixty two women (55.9%) had between 2 and 4 children while primiparas were 33.3% of the population. Second trimester presentation was highest 78(70.3%) and first trimester was 6(5.4%).The commonest symptoms where frequency 27%, dysuria 25.2%, fever 10.8% and supra-pubic pain with 8.1%. The predominant organism was Escherichia coli making up 70.3%(78). Stapylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia respectively were 13.5 and 11.7%. Levofloxacin had the highest level of sensitivity with 98(88.3%) isolates being sensitive to levofloxacin. This was closely followed by Ofloxacin 90(81.1%), Ceftriaxone 78(70.3%), Ceftazidime 70(63.1%), Nitrofurantoin 70(63.1) and Gentamycin 60(54.1%) amongst others. Penicillin and Co-Amoxiclav had the least organism sensitivity with 28(25.2%) and 36(32.4%) respectively. Conclusion: Screening of pregnant women during the antenatal period should be considered an essential component of antenatal care in the communities to avoid the undesirable negative impact of undiagnosed and/or untreated urinary tract infections in pregnancy.