Urinary Tract Infection: Bacterial etiologies, drug resistance profile and associated risk factors among diabetic patients attending Nekemte Referral Hospital

摘要

In diabetic patients, there is increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Hence, current information on antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of the pathogenic bacteria need to be available at national and local levels to guide the rational use of the existing antimicrobials. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of UTIs, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the bacterial isolates from diabetic patients in Nekemte Referral Hospital (NRH). An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 diabetic patients, who were attending the study setting for a clinical check-up during the study period. The overall prevalence of UTIs was 16.5% among the study population with the prevalence being higher among aged patients and females. Multivariate analysis revealed that level of education, history of UTIs and glucosuria was significantly associated with UTIs. Thirty-three bacterial uropathogens, total, were isolated with S. aureus (24.2%) and CN Staphylococcus spp (24.2%), E. coli (12.1%) and K. pneumonia (12.1%) being the most common isolates. The microbes showed highest level of resistance to penicillin G (97.0%), and ampicillin (93.9%); and lowest level of resistance to ceftriaxone (50.0%) and vancomycin (52.9%). In conclusion, majority of isolated bacteria were resistant to antibiotics used in the study setting. This calls for attention of health professionals to consider the resistance pattern in their clinical practice. Most importantly, this finding may be used to control trends of antibiotic-resistance, to develop local antibiotic policies and to assist clinicians in the rational choice of antibiotics therapy; thus, to prevent indiscriminate use of antibiotics.