Impact of the Components of Mediterranean Nutrition Regimen on Long-Term Prognosis of Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

摘要

The impact of different nutritional regimens on long-term prognosis and outcome in diabetic patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is questioned. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of different nutritional components of Mediterranean regimen on long-term cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with CAD in Iranian population. In a prospective cohort study, researchers recruited 233 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 6 months with documented CAD. Nutritional assessment was obtained by a validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the diet score was calculated on the basis of Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (Med-DQI). For assessing long-term CAD prognosis, the patients were followed by telephone for 1 year. The study endpoint was long-term MACCE (defined as occurrence of one of these morbidities including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or need to revascularization). About 1 year death was revealed in 19 (8.2%). The 2 patients (0.9%) suffered non-fatal myocardial infarction and 14 (6.0%) needed to revascularization within 1 year after discharge from hospital. Overall, 1 year MACCE in study population was 12.4%. There were significant relationships between death rate and dietary scores of saturated fatty acid, cholesterol, meats, fish and fruit and vegetables. Also, significant relationships were found between MACCE rate and dietary scores of saturated fatty acid, cholesterol and fruit and vegetables. Mediterranean dietary regimens including low level of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid can effectively improve long-term outcome, including 1 year death and MACCE in diabetic patients with CAD.