Four instrumented subsoilers were developed for alleviation of compaction on agricultural land. Draughts and soil disturbance of the subsoilers were measured during operation at the outdoor soil bin. Straight shank subsoiler (SSS), semi-parabolic subsoiler (SPS), parabolic ‘C’ shank subsoiler (CSS) and winged subsoiler (WSB) were designed and constructed for use by the tool carrier in loosening soil hard pan. Soil cone penetrometer (CP40II, 333 mm 3 , 60 o cone tip angle) and electronic moisture meter were used to take readings at various locations and depths on the soil bin before and after subsoiling. Soil samples were taken to laboratory for analysis for physico-chemical properties. Each of the shanks was hitched to the tool bar of the carrier. A 100 kN calibrated load cell was connected to the tool carrier via the drawbar of a 31.6 kW (MF 415) Massey Fergusson tractor. The load cell was connected to the data logger via instrumentation amplifier. Laptop computer system was connected to the data logger to download the draught data for each shank which was operated at four levels of depth - 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm. Profilometer of dimension 80 by 75 cm height and width respectively was used to measure the area of soil disturbance by each subsoiler. Data collected were analyzed to establish relevant relationships between subsoiler draughts and tillage parameters in the form of correlation, regression models and graphs. Results showed that the best subsoiler in terms of draught reduction was parabolic C-shank subsoiler (CSS) with 4.581 kN, followed by semi-parabolic subsoiler (SPS) with draught of 4.905 kN at depth of 40 cm. At this working depth the SSS, WSB and SSS37 had draughts of 6.874, 7.003 and 7.385 kN respectively. Thus WSB had the highest power requirement followed by straight shank subsoiler at 37 0 rake angle (SSS37), both had 34.09 and 31.20 kW at 50 cm depth respectively. Thus at 20 cm depth of operation WSB and SSS37 subsoilers had 13.95 and 14.29 kW respectively. CSS had the lowest power requirement followed by SPS with 5.55 and 7.76 kW respectively. Straight shank subsoiler at 37 0 rake angle, SSS37 showed the highest soil loosening ability at all the depths followed by WSB, SPS, SSS and CSS respectively. Thus, at 50 cm highest working depth SSS had 0.0451 m 2 followed by SPS with 0.0487 m 2 , while CSS, WSB and SSS37 had 0.0403, 0.0683 and 0.1061 m 2 respectively. Regression equations were established for the draught of each subsoiler. They all had R 2 of more than 99 %. Draught of subsoilers had high positive correlation with depth, cone index (CI) and bulk density (BD), and negative correlation with soil moisture (MC) and porosity (PR).
展开▼
机译：为减轻农业用地的压实，开发了四种仪表式深耕机。在室外土壤箱操作期间，测量了下层土壤的吃水和土壤扰动。设计并制造了直柄深耕机（SSS），半抛物深耕机（SPS），抛物线“ C”柄深耕机（CSS）和翼状深耕机（WSB），供工具架用于松开土壤硬锅。在深耕之前和之后，使用土壤锥度计（CP40II，333 mm 3，锥顶角为60 o）和电子湿度计获取土壤仓上不同位置和深度的读数。将土壤样品送至实验室进行理化性质分析。每个小腿都系在托架的工具栏上。通过31.6 kW（MF 415）Massey Fergusson拖拉机的拉杆将100 kN校准的称重传感器连接到工具架。称重传感器通过仪表放大器连接到数据记录器。将便携式计算机系统连接到数据记录器，以下载在20、30、40和50厘米四个深度级别上操作的每个柄的草稿数据。分别使用尺寸为80，高度和宽度为75 cm的轮廓仪测量每个下土层土壤扰动的面积。对收集到的数据进行分析，以建立相关性，回归模型和图表形式的深耕机吃水量和耕作参数之间的相关关系。结果表明，就吃水减少而言，最好的深底土壤是抛物线形的C形深底土（CSS），其阻力为4.581 kN，其次是半抛物型深底土壤（SPS），其吃水深度为40 cm时为4.905 kN。在这个工作深度，SSS，WSB和SSS37的吃水深度分别为6.874、7.003和7.385 kN。因此，WSB的功率需求最高，其次是前倾角为37 0的直柄深底土（SSS37），两者在50 cm深度处的功率分别为34.09和31.20 kW。因此，在工作深度为20 cm时，WSB和SSS37底土机的功率分别为13.95和14.29 kW。 CSS具有最低的功率要求，其次是SPS，分别为5.55和7.76 kW。倾斜度为37 0的直柄深底机，在所有深度上，SSS37表现出最高的土壤疏松能力，其次分别是WSB，SPS，SSS和CSS。因此，最高工作深度为50 cm时，SSS为0.0451 m 2，其次是SPS为0.0487 m 2，而CSS，WSB和SSS37分别为0.0403、0.0683和0.1061 m 2。为每个下层土壤的吃水量建立了回归方程。它们的R 2均超过99％。下层土壤的吃水深度与深度，圆锥指数（CI）和堆积密度（BD）呈正相关，与土壤水分（MC）和孔隙率（PR）呈负相关。
展开▼
