Tourism in South Africa- time series persistence and the nature of the shocks: Are they transitory or permanent?

摘要

This paper deals with the analysis of several time series related with the tourism sector in South Africa. We examine the orders of integration of the series in order to determine if they are stationary or nonstationary, and, more importantly, if the shocks affecting them are of a permanent or a transitory nature. Policy implications based on the results obtained are derived.