Volatile composition of tequila. Evaluation of three extraction methods Composici???3n vol????til del tequila. Evaluaci???3n de tres m????todos extractivos

摘要

Extraction performance of the liquid?￠????liquid batch (LLB) and continuous extraction, as well as simultaneous distillation?￠????extraction were evaluated in order to analyze volatile compounds in tequila. Initially, the best extraction conditions were obtained for each method using tequila samples. Conditions tested were solvent type, extraction time, sample's alcoholic concentration and, for the LLB, the number of successive extractions. Response variables were chromatograms, number of peaks, and total area. In a second phase, its extraction performance was evaluated with a model solution of 38 compounds. In both steps, obtained extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography. The best results were obtained with the LLB method since it makes possible to recover a good number of volatile compounds in few minutes. Additionally, this method showed the best performance after extraction and concentration, and the lower CV. Se evalu???3 el desempe???±o de tres m????todos extractivos (extracci???3n l???-quido-l???-quido por lotes y en continuo y extracci???3n-destilaci???3n simult????nea) seleccionados para analizar vol????tiles de tequila. Inicialmente se obtuvieron las mejores condiciones de extracci???3n para cada m????todo utilizando muestras de tequila. Las condiciones evaluadas fueron el tipo de solvente, tiempo de extracci???3n, concentraci???3n alcoh???3lica de la muestra y para el m????todo l???-quido-l???-quido por lote, n???omero de extracciones sucesivas. Las variables de respuesta fueron el n???omero de picos y el ????rea total en los cromatogramas. En una segunda etapa, se evalu???3 su desempe???±o de extracci???3n con una soluci???3n modelo de 38 compuestos. En ambas fases, los extractos fueron analizados por cromatograf???-a de gases. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con el m????todo l???-quido-l???-quido por lote, ya que ????ste permite recuperar un buen n???omero de compuestos en pocos minutos. Adicionalmente, este m????todo mostr???3 el mejor desempe???±o despu????s de extracci???3n y concentraci???3n as???- como el menor CV.