The incidence of renal calculus in Spain has been increased in recent years. In this work, an epidemiological approach of urinary lithiasis has been made, establishing a classification of the urinary calculi analyzed during a year. A database has been created with the analyzed calculi by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, collecting age, sex, recurrences and biochemical parameters obtained from 24-hour urine. The influence of sex on urinary lithiasis is very marked and the number of stones in the male in much higher. In addition, the age factor increases lithiasis from 5% at 30 years of age to 25% at 60 years of age. These data refer to the total calculi, without differentiating their chemical composition. If differentiation is made according to the composition, a similar tendency is found in men and women in the monohydrate calcium oxalate calculi, but very different in those of dihydrate calcium oxalate and calcium phosphocarbonate. The incidence in children under 20 years of age is very low; males have more calculi in the first decade of life and girls in the second decade of life. In addition, a higher prevalence of stones has been observed in the summer months associated with higher serum levels of vitamin D. Thus, it is essential to stablish classification criteria of urinary calculi for epidemiological studies. In recent years, the ratio of the different compositions has changed, resulting in an increase of oxalate calculi.
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