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Massas, normas e violência

机译:群众,规范与暴力

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摘要

This paper stresses the causes of the violent events provoked by masses as, for example, the fights among a group of soccer rooters, trying to contemplate the social and psychological conditions of possibility of those events. A first necessary condition to the manifestation of mass violence is the existence of an orderly distinction, characterized by the formation of a group identity summed up by affiliation signs: emblems, clothes, flags, tattoos, hair style etc. A second condition is the act of minority, once mass violence is always exercised against the minorities. The third condition is the exceptionality, because the time of the violence is an exceptional moment in the daily routine and there is an uncertainty of the everyday norms. The fourth condition refers to a certain culture of violence or to a knowledge of the appropriated manners from its manifestation, diffused by the media. Those four clauses do not explain mass violence completely, but they can help to build up a type of risk scale that could facilitate the prognostic, and even the prevention, in some specific cases.
机译:本文强调了由群众挑起的暴力事件的原因,例如,一群足球健将之间的打架,试图考虑可能发生这些事件的社会和心理条件。大规模暴力表现的第一个必要条件是存在有序的区别,其特征是形成一个群体身份,并用从属标志加以总结:标志,衣服,旗帜,纹身,发型等。第二个条件是行为对于少数族裔,一旦对少数族裔实施大规模暴力行动,第三个条件是特殊性,因为暴力发生的时间是日常生活中的特殊时刻,并且日常规范存在不确定性。第四个条件是指某种暴力文化或从其表现形式中了解适当的方式,并由媒体传播。这四个条款不能完全解释大规模暴力行为,但可以帮助建立一种风险量表,在某些特定情况下可以促进预后甚至是预防。

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