Resistencia antimicrobiana de Streptococcus agalactiae de origen humano y bovino

摘要

Streptococcus agalactiae (SAG) is an important etiologic agent in a wide spectrum of human and bovine infections. In humans, this pathogen is the main responsible of severe septicemia and neonatal dead, due to the disease known as "neonatal sepsis", which has been reported in different countries, including Colombia. About 36% of pregnant women are colonized by this bacterium and of them, the 45% of the newborns acquire the SAG infection. In adults, asymptomatic SAG colonization occurs frequently in gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract. However, it can cause diseases such as meningitis, septicemia, abscesses, infections in urinary tract and arthritis particularly in immunocompromised adults. Additionally, SAG is considered a highly important pathogen in dairy production for being responsible of mastitis cases generally subclinical and chronic in cows, affecting the herd health, as well as the quality and the quantity of milk produced. The main tool for SAG control is the use of beta-lactams antimicrobials or macrolides in cases of penicillin-allergic patients. Some of the studies reported resistant SAG isolates or with decreased susceptibility to the antimicrobials used for its control in both species: humans and bovines. The finding of antimicrobial resistance in SAG is getting attention from the scientific community around the world because its negative impact in public health. The present work is a non-systematic review of scientific literature, with the objective of analyzing the mechanism and prevalence of SAG antimicrobial resistance, as well as, the genes associated to this condition in human and bovine isolates.