Can the development of Fair Trade improve justice? Some insights from the coffee case

摘要

In recent years, Fair Trade, and more generally social standards, have been very successful. Their development has been quantitative (their market share has increased) but also qualitative (more criteria are taken into account). This development generates certain conflict, as quantitative extension is mainly due to “light” standards whereas qualitative extension stems from traditional actors of Fair Trade. Can such a development of these standards lead to a reduction in injustice? This article uses the main theories of justice to tackle this question. It refers more specifically to the coffee case. According to the Rawlsian theory, the quantitative and qualitative extension of Fair Trade and social standards can clearly improve justice. Still, the alternative theories (Libertarian, Utilitarian, and Marxist) are not so enthusiastic. Finally, this reflexion advocates openness and humility, as fairness can be approached from different points of view.