Habitat partitioning and diurnal-nocturnal transition in the elasmobranch community of a North Carolina estuary

摘要

In marine communities, resource partitioning can be as important as abiotic environmental preferences in determining habitat use patterns. Elasmobranchs are generally assumed to be crepuscular or nocturnal, but diel temporal habitat partitioning is poorly studied in this group. We attempted to identify habitat preferences and find evidence of resource partitioning among the elasmobranch community in Back and Core Sounds, North Carolina, using a multi-gear, fishery-independent survey with a temporal focus on the diurnal-nocturnal transition. Gillnet, longline, drumline, and rod-and-reel sampling captured a total of 160 elasmobranchs, representing 12 species within the estuary, and differences between the seven most abundant species were assessed in terms of temporal, environmental, and spatial habitat factors. The elasmobranch community was broadly divided into cool and warm temperature assemblages. Most species showed evidence of generalist habitat preferences, but spatial overlap between species was generally low. Blacknose sharks [Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey, 1860)] appeared to be nocturnal, and aggregations of smooth dogfish [Mustelus canis (Mitchill, 1815)] and spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758) were found during mid-afternoon hours. Blacknose sharks and blacktip sharks [ Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller and Henle, 1839)] showed evidence of spatial resource partitioning based on distance from the nearest inlet. Temperature appears to be a strong influence on the presence of elasmobranch species within Back and Core Sounds, but behavioral interspecific avoidance may be a greater influence on fine-scale habitat use by elasmobranchs in this estuarine system.