Presencia de Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788) (Echinoidea: Spatangoida) en la Formación Tuxpan, Mioceno (Langhiano) del norte del Estado de Veracruz, México. Consideraciones Biogeográficas

摘要

The presence of Plagiobrissus grandis is reported in a locality of the middle Miocene (Langhiano) of the Tuxpan Formation in the Papantla-Martínez de la Torre region, North of Veracruz. The finding allows to analyze the space-time distribution of the genus, and corroborates its origin in the Caribbean during Eocene times, as well as its later dispersion during the Miocene to North Carolina in the United States and the coasts of Venezuela and Brazil. The division of the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans during the Miocene-Pliocene, by the emergence of the Panama Isthmus, triggered great changes in the marine currents of the North Atlantic; that event favored the dispersion of the genus from the Miocene to the Recent towards the Mediterranean and the coasts of North Africa, to the Gulf of Guinea. The finding of Plagiobrissus grandis in the middle Miocene and its survival until the present provides an example of the longevity of several echinoid species.