IDENTIFIKASI MUTASI NOKTAH PADA” GEN VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNEL” Aedes aegypti RESISTEN TERHADAP INSEKTISIDA PYRETHROID DI SEMARANG JAWA TENGAH

摘要

The identification of a point mutation in voltage-gated sodium channel gene was conducted on the major of dengue vector Aedes aegypti from Simongan Village, Semarang Municypality Central Java, which occurred to be resistant toward malathion and cypermethrin base on WHO methodology standard (impregnated paper). The objectives of this studi was to identify the point mutation on the codon 1014 of voltage gated sodium channel gene of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes which was associated with the vector resistance of pyrethroid group. The detection of a point mutation of voltage-gated sodium channel was conducted using DNA extraction and semi nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the mosquitoes resistant strain. The susceptibility test (as a screening resistant phenotype) showed that few samples of Ae. aegypti from Simongan Village, Semarang Municypality Central Java resistant to malathion 0,8 % ( organophosphate group ) and cypermethrin 0,25 % (pyrethroid group). The sequencing result showed that there has been a mutation from the leucine (TTA) which turned to be phenylalanin (TTT) (kdr-w type) on the codon 1014 at the voltage gated sodium channel gene of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Simongan Village, Semarang Municypality Central Java, which was associated with the pyrethroid insecticide resistance. There were 78 % mosquitoes which brought mutation alel kdr-w type on the codon 1014 F. Therefore dengue vector control activities should not use any pyrethroid insecticide group. Key Words : Resistance, Aedes aegypti, Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC), Point Mutation. Abstrak Identifikasi mutasi noktah pada gen Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) telah dilakukan pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti dari Kelurahan Simongan Kota Semarang, yang telah resisten terhadap insektisida Malathion dan Cypermethrin pada screening susceptibility test (Standar WHO Impregnated paper). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeteksi mutasi pada kodon 1014 gen VGSC nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang berkaitan dengan resistensi vektor terhadap insektisida kelompok pirethroid. Deteksi mutasi gen VGSC dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi DNA dan amplifikasi seminested PCR pada nyamuk yang telah resisten. Hasil penapisan uji resistensi menunjukan beberapa sample nyamuk Aedes aegypti dari Kota Semarang resisten terhadap insektisida cypermethrin 0,25 % (kelompok pyrethroid) dan malathion 0,8 % (kelompok organofosfat). Berdasarkan hasil konfirmasi sekuensing telah terjadi mutasi pada kodon 1014 dari leusin (TTA) menjadi fenilalanin (TTT) tipe kdr-w, gen VGSC pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti dari Kelurahan Simongan Kota Semarang, yang berkaitan dengan resistensi terhadap insektisida kelompok pyrethroid. Terdapat 78% dari sembilan larva membawa mutasi alel kdr-w pada kodon 1014F. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan bahwa pengendalian vekor DBD di Kota Semarang menggunakan insektisida bukan dari kelompok pyrethroid. Kata Kunci : Resistensi, Aedes aegypti, Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC), Mutasi Noktah.