GENETIC VARIATIONS AMONG AQUILARIA SPECIES AND GYRINOPS VERSTEEGII USING AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS

摘要

Aquilaria sp. (Thymelaeaceae) is the most valuable non wood production of? forestry plant in Indonesia. It produces a fragrant resin when subjected to fungal attack and has been traded internationally? known? as? gaharu. Knowledge? of?? genetic? diversity? and? relationship? among species and genus is important for breeding purposes and species conservation. In this study, ? ? genetic variability of? six Aquilaria species were analyzed using the AmplifiedFragment Length ? Polymorphism? (AFLP)? markers.? Ten? AFLP? primer combinations? amplified? 1353? DNA ? fragments ranging? in size from100 to 350 bp of? which 1285 (95%) of? them were polymorphic. Genetic similarities among Aquilaria sp. consisted of? A. malaccensis, A. beccariana, A. microcarpa, and A.? crassna? ranged? from 63.90? to 72.00 % based on Dice coefficient. The dendrogram ? derived by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean of? germplasm analysis were clustered into two main groups. Hence, a genetic variation among species is quiet high. ?? Bootstrap? values for? the? groups? supported? 70%? of?? the? cluster? using? a linear? relationship ? equation of? (r = 0.724, P ? genetic similarity for 136 pairwise comparisons of? Aquilaria species. For example, A. malacensis and A. microcarpa have the highest genetic similarity (72.00%) compared with another Aquilaria species. Primer pairs E-ACG/M-CTA produced a specific fragment for A. beccariana (850 bp), A.? crasna (550 bp, 180 bp, and 140 bp), A. malaccencis (1500 bp), A. microcarpa (250 bp) and Gyrinops versteegii (150 bp). Primer pairs E-ACG/M-CAA produced a specific DNA fragment only for A. beccariana (1500 bp and 100 bp).? Primer pairs E-ACC/M-CAC also produced only ? specific fragment for A. crassna (1500 bp). Study showed the usefulness of? AFLP analysis in ? Aquilaria? sp.? and? its? potential? application? for? breeding and? species? conservation.? Further, molecular? diversity? estimated? in? the? present? study? combined? with? the? datasets? on? other morphological/agronomic? traits will be useful? for? selecting? the appropriate accessions? for plant improvement? through conventional and molecular breeding approaches. Key words: Gaharu, Aquilaria sp., Gyrinops sp., genetic diversity, molecular marker, amplified fragment? length polymorphism? (AFLP)