HBV immunization and vaccine coverage among hospitalized children in Cameroon, Central African Republic and Senegal: a cross-sectional study

摘要

Hepatitis B is a major health concern in Africa. The vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) was introduced into the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) of Cameroon and Senegal in 2005, and of CAR (Central African Republic) in 2008. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess HBV immunization coverage following the vaccine’s introduction into the EPI and factors associated with having been vaccinated. All hospitalized children, regardless of the reasons for their hospitalization, between 3?months and 6?years of age, for whom a blood test was scheduled during their stay and whose condition allowed for an additional 2?mL blood sample to be taken, and who provided the parent’s written consent were included. All children anti-HBs- and anti-HBc?+?were tested for HBsAg. Vaccination coverage was assessed in three different ways: immunization card, maternal recall and serologic anti-HBs profile. 1783 children were enrolled between April 2009 and May 2010. An immunization card was only available for 24?% of the children. The median age was 21?months. Overall HBV immunization coverage based on immunization cards was 99?%, 49?% and 100?% in Cameroon, CAR and Senegal, respectively (p?