Tooth development requires proliferation, differentiation, and specific migration of dental epithelial cells, through well-organized signaling interactions with mesenchymal cells. Recently, it has been reported that leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), the receptor of R-spondins, is expressed in many epithelial cells in various organs and tissues and is essential for organ development and stem cell maintenance. Here, we report that LGR4 contributes to the sequential development of molars in mice. LGR4 expression in dental epithelium was detected in SOX2 + cells in the posterior end of the second molar (M2) and the early tooth germ of the third molar (M3). In keratinocyte-specific Lgr4 -deficient mice ( Lgr4 K5 KO ), the developmental defect became obvious by postnatal day 14 (P14) in M3. Lgr4 K5 KO adult mice showed complete absence or the dwarfed form of M3. In M3 development in Lgr4 K5 KO mice, at Wnt/β-catenin signal activity was down-regulated in the dental epithelium at P3, as indicated by lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) expression. We also confirmed the decrease, in dental epithelium of Lgr4 K5 KO mice, of the number of SOX2 + cells and the arrest of cell proliferation at P7, and observed abnormal differentiation at P14. Our data demonstrated that LGR4 controls the sequential development of molars by maintaining SOX2 + cells in the dental epithelium, which have the ability to form normal molars. Highlights ? LGR4 expression was observed in the dental epithelium after birth and moved posteriorly during molar development. ? Keratin5-Cre Tg specific deletion of Lgr4 impaired the development of the third molar. ? LGR4 maintained SOX2 positive and proliferative cells in the dental epithelium of molars.
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