ZA Bhutto Administrative Reforms and its Implications

摘要

During the Ayub's government bureaucracy played a vital role in policy formulation and its implementation. Bureaucracy was known as the "backbone of the state". The whole bureaucratic system worked effectively and efficiently. During this period the bureaucracy boosted the economy and provided the political stability. There are innumerable examples of the efficiency of the bureaucracy. Many developing countries during that time sent their envoys to study the plans, policy formulations and their implementation of Pakistan. Most of the states have emulated the Pakistani plans and made a good deal of progress. Bureaucracy, along with the army, was the main player of the state system. When Zulfikar Ali Bhutto came to the helm of affairs he played havoc through the ranks of the bureaucracy in order to elongate and strength his role. He was insecure of the bureaucracy. Stanley Wolpert in "Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan" has psychoanalyzed that Bhutto was an insecure type of personality. He had, as abovementioned, through arbitrary postings and dismissals weakened the bureaucracy to a great extent. Moreover, the lateral entry scheme further aggravated the situation. Albeit the fact that lateral entry scheme is a very productive policy with regard to the needs of the modern bureaucracies yet Bhutto had utilized it for his own personal gains. He carried out appointments through his own wishes which exacerbated the morale, performance, solidarity and efficiency of the civil services. As aforesaid Bhutto started the purges in the 1973 simultaneously with the promulgation of his constitution. He had chalked out reforms for the bureaucracy in his constitution which he had undermined several times afterwards. He circumvented laws, ignored legalities, and cast a blind eye on the after effects of his behavior in order to prolong his own rule. In a nutshell it can be said that Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in order to fulfill his own desire of elongating his rule, destroyed the most efficient, sincere and effective bureaucracy of Pakistan.