Acid and sulfate resistance of seawater based alkali activated fly ash: A sustainable and durable approach

摘要

The present study investigates the microstructure and durability of alkali-activated fly ash made with seawater against acid and sulfate attacks. Seawater along with pure water and tap water was used as solvent to produce alkali-activated fly ash. Investigations were carried out to examine the effects of 3% acidic and 3% sulfate environments on the properties of alkali-activated fly ash. MIP, XRD, FT-IR and Si-29 NMR were employed to observe the microstructure and chemical properties of samples. The durability of alkali-activated fly ash made with seawater was primarily governed by the refined microstructure and presence of calcium chloride. From a microstructural perspective, alkali-activated fly ash made with seawater presented enhanced resistance to adverse conditions, as indicated by the corresponding higher Si/Al ratio. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.