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Global optimization of truss topology with discrete bar areas—Part II: Implementation and numerical results

机译:具有离散钢筋区域的桁架拓扑的全局优化—第二部分:实现和数值结果

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A classical problem within the field of structural optimization is to find the stiffest truss design subject to a given external static load and a bound on the total volume. The design variables describe the cross sectional areas of the bars. This class of problems is well-studied for continuous bar areas. We consider here the difficult situation that the truss must be built from pre-produced bars with given areas. This paper together with Part I proposes an algorithmic framework for the calculation of a global optimizer of the underlying non-convex mixed integer design problem. In this paper we use the theory developed in Part I to design a convergent nonlinear branch-and-bound method tailored to solve large-scale instances of the original discrete problem. The problem formulation and the needed theoretical results from Part I are repeated such that this paper is self-contained. We focus on the implementation details but also establish finite convergence of the branch-and-bound method. The algorithm is based on solving a sequence of continuous non-convex relaxations which can be formulated as quadratic programs according to the theory in Part I. The quadratic programs to be treated within the branch-and-bound search all have the same feasible set and differ from each other only in the objective function. This is one reason for making the resulting branch-and-bound method very efficient. The paper closes with several large-scale numerical examples. These examples are, to the knowledge of the authors, by far the largest discrete topology design problems solved by means of global optimization.
机译:在结构优化领域中的一个经典问题是要找到最坚固的桁架设计,使其承受给定的外部静载荷和总体积的限制。设计变量描述了钢筋的横截面积。对于连续的钢筋区域,此类问题已得到充分研究。我们在这里考虑到这样一种困难情况,即必须使用具有给定面积的预制钢筋来构建桁架。本文与第一部分一起,提出了用于计算底层非凸混合整数设计问题的全局优化器的算法框架。在本文中,我们使用在第一部分中开发的理论来设计收敛的非线性分支定界方法,以解决原始离散问题的大规模实例。重复了第一部分的问题表述和所需的理论结果,因此本文是独立的。我们专注于实现细节,但也建立了分支定界方法的有限收敛性。该算法基于求解一系列连续的非凸松弛,可以根据第一部分中的理论将其表示为二次程序。要在分支定界搜索中处理的二次程序都具有相同的可行集,并且仅在目标函数方面彼此不同。这是使所得分支定界方法非常有效的原因之一。本文以几个大型数值示例结束。据作者所知,这些示例是迄今为止通过全局优化解决的最大离散拓扑设计问题。

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