Facilitating Monitoring, Subverting Self- interest and Limiting Discretion: Learning from 'New' Forms of Accountability in Practice

摘要

A transformation in environmental governance is taking place around the globe. Centralized decision-making by environmental regulators is increasingly beleaguered by declining legitimacy and growing criticism of the command style legal regulatory model. These critics argue that the command style legal regulatory model is too costly, too adversarial, too cumbersome, and too insensitive to local contexts to achieve its goals. This has led to the search for alternatives. Arguably the most credible alternative to hierarchy involves a collaborative, multi-party, multi-level, and adaptive approach to environmental and natural resource governance.