認知インターフェヤスから見た紙メディアと電子メディアの差異

摘要

The nineteenth article of this series will focus on the novel concept of cognitive interfaces as applied to the comparison between paper media and electronic media. The overall contents are described in the following sequence. (1) Introduction In the previous paper, media was interpreted as cognitive artefact. This paper analyzes the cognitive interface and provides the interpretation of the differences between paper media and electronic media. (2) The concept of interface In the information science, the interface refers to contacting faces between human being and information processing equipment. The cognitive interface is invisible and related to the cognition process of human brain. (3) Transition of psychology and the birth of the concept of cognitive interfaces The fundamental concept of psychology shifted from behaviorism to cognitivism in the era of 1950. This transition gave birth to the cognitive science, cognitive engineering and the concept of cognitive interface. In cognitive science, human being itself is dealt as information processing unit. (4) The concept of interface in information processing In information science, the interface exists between human being and artefact for information processing and this interface is called "human interface" or "human-machine interface" . (5) Functions of human interfaces Human interface is regarded as the invisible interface existing between human being (information processing unit) and information equipment. (6) Different aspects of human interface Human interface(HI) is the abstract concept and interpreted in different ways. HI has hardware as well as software aspects. Also, HI has visible and invisible elements. (7) Problems associated with cognitive interfaces The design of cognitive interface requires a variety of knowledge associated with hardware and software as well as the understanding of the cognition process of human being. Particular attentions have to be paid to finding out of cognition burdens and the reduction of the burdens. (8) Characteristics of cognitive interfaces Computer as typical cognitive artefact has cognitive interfaces. Visible physical entity will be converted to invisible virtual existence. (9) The concept of twofold interfaces This concept proposes the first and the second interfaces between human being and infomraiton equipments. (10) Comparison of media from the concept of cognitive interface The cognitive interface of paper media is quite simple. On the other hand, that of electronic media is rather complicated. (11) Epilogue Analysis of media using the concept of cognitive interface is prerequisite to the development of cognition burden-free information processing devices. However, this area remains unexploited.%書写材料として長い歴史のなかで淘汰され，生き残り普遍化して世界中に拡がり現在に至っている紙メディアの世界に，電子メディアが出現した21世紀初頭の現在，いままで未踏であった紙に関わる新たな領域を探索することにより，紙メディアの新たな可能性を探るのが本シリーズの目的である．