記憶方略から見た紙メディアの認知神経科学的優位性

摘要

The thirtieth article of this series will focus on memory strategy associated with a variety of media for reading. Particular attentions will be paid to find out the characteristics of paper media. The overall contents are described in the following sequence.rn(1) IntroductionrnA variety of reading media has its own required level of memory. Therefore, the selection of adequate memory strategy is particularly important for obtaining required level of memory fixation as long-term memory on the brain. Memory strategy will be explained in terms of cognitive neuroscience and information processing in the human brain.rn(2) What is meant by "memory strategy"rnMemory strategy is the central issue of study strategy. The main methods include rehearsal, organization, and elaboration. Memory strategy is closely associated with meta cognition, meta memory, and monitoring.rn(3) Significance of rehearsal in the act of memorizationrnRehearsal is an act of repeating of reading of information silently or orally in order to retain information in memory. Practicing a speech or musical or dramatic act repeatedly in preparation is important for attaining good performance.rn(4) Significance of organization in the act of memorizationrnOrganization or structuration or systematization of individual separate information into a certain organized entity is significant for effective memorization of information.rn(5) Paper media as external memory aidrnMemory aid means tools or equipments used for help memorization or recall of information. There are two categories: internal memory aid and external memory aid. Paper media is the typical and dominating external memory aid.rn(6) Memory model as information processing modelrnA memory model is used for explaining the process of memorization. Two-store memory model is the typical serial information processing model. Parallel-type model consist of neuro-circuits.rn(7) Neuroscientific foundations of memoryrnMemory is retained as change of neuro-circuits due to plasticity of synapse. Significant change during the memory process is the change of hippocampus, e.g., long-term potentiation (LTP).rn(8) Characteristics of paper media as evaluated from memory strategyrnPaper media is equipped with the characteristics of rehearsal, organization, external memory aid, and feedback loop formation. Therefore, paper media has the dominant characteritics in memorization of information.rn(9) EpiloguernMemory strategy is important among others in designing study strategy. The issues discussed here will be helpful to foresee the future of a variety of media.%メディアにより情報を得るという行為の目的はさまざまである．軽いエンターテインメントとして小説や漫画を読んだり，世の中の出来事をざっと知るために新聞をななめ読みしたり，検索の目的でちょっと辞書を調べたりというような比較的記憶の保存期間が短期ですむ軽い読み物から，知識をできる限り永続的に脳に定着させるための初等教育の教科書や科学技術，社会科学，人文科学の専門知識を体系的に脳に定着させる必要のある長期の記憶が必要な場面まで範囲が広い．