Singapore is an island, a city, and a country. Singapore Island, which is 46 km from east to west and 22 km from north to south, has a total land area of 585 km~2 and a popula-tion of just under 4 million. The rapid growth of the economy since the early 1960s has created a demand for better transportation and other infrastructure improvements. In the early 1970s the government determined that a reliable and efficient land transport system would be vital to the economic health of the city of Singapore and that a smooth flow of traffic would benefit both businesses and the general population. Keeping roads free of congestion is one of the key objectives of Singapore's land transport policy.
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