World War I Trench Warfare: Geotechnical Considerations

摘要

The German Offensive into France early in 1914 left the Germans within French territory, where they sought to defend their position rather than continue their advance. The Germans were able to selectively withdraw to ideal terrain to form their defensive positions. On the other hand, the Allies-the French, the British, and soldiers from various British colonies-adopted an offensive mentality, initially placing little emphasis on trench construction. These opposing strategies generally left the Germans on the high ground in reinforced trenches that utilized concrete and stone. In contrast, the Allied positions in general were poorly constructed and waterlogged because they were built in low-lying areas.