Properties of the six isoforms of p63: p53-like regulation in response to genotoxic stress and cross talk with ΔNp73

摘要

TP63, a member of the TP53 gene family, encodes two groups of three isoforms (α, β and γ). The TAp63 isoforms act as transcription factors. The ΔNp63 isoforms lack the main transcription activation domain and act as dominant-negative inhibitors of transactivation (TA) isoforms. To clarify the role of these isoforms and to better understand their functional overlap with p53, we ectopically expressed each p63 isoform in the p53-null hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B. All TA isoforms, as well as ΔNp63α, had a half-life of 1 h when transiently expressed and were degraded by the proteasome pathway. The most stable form was ΔNp63γ, with a half-life of 8 h. As expected, TA isoforms differed in their transcriptional activities toward genes regulated by p53, TAp63γ being the most active form. In contrast, ΔNp63 isoforms were transcriptionally inactive on genes studied and inhibited TA isoforms in a dose-dependent manner. When stably expressed in polyclonal cell populations, TAp63β and γ isoforms were undetectable. However, when treated with doxorubicin (DOX), p63 proteins rapidly accumulated in the cells. This stabilization was associated with an increase in phosphorylation. Strikingly, in DOX-treated polyclonal populations, increase in TAp63 levels was accompanied by overexpression of ΔNp73. This observation suggests complex regulatory cross talks between the different isoforms of the p53 family. In conclusion, p63 exhibits several transcriptional and stress-response properties similar to those of p53, suggesting that p63 activities should be taken into consideration in approaches to improve cancer therapies based on genotoxic agents.