Effect of long-term liquid pig manure application on atrazine mineralization in a soil cultivated with maize

摘要

Soil samples were collected in plots from a field experiment in maize monoculture receiving 0, 60 and 120 m3 ha-1 liquid pig manure (LPM) for 19 years. Soils were sampled from the 0- to 20-cm layer in August and October 1997 and in June, July and September 1998. Subsurface samples were also evaluated in September 1998. Laboratory soil radiorespirometry was used to evaluate atrazine mineralization using [U-ring-14C]-atrazine mixed with commercially available product. The effect of atrazine dose (50, 100 and 500 mg atrazine kg-1 soil) was evaluated on soils sampled in August 1997. For the other sampling dates, the soils were spiked with 50 mg atrazine kg-1 soil. No LPM dose effect on atrazine mineralization was obtained in the different experiments. Increasing atrazine dose to 500 mg kg-1 decreased significantly the mineralization rate (Ri) and the maximum of atrazine mineralized (MAX), while the time needed to mineralize 50% of MAX (DT-50%) was not significantly affected. Sampling time had a significant effect on atrazine mineralization. Atrazine mineralization in the soils sampled in June 1998 showed lower Ri and MAX than in the soils sampled at the other dates. Atrazine mineralization in subsurface soils (20–60 cm) was very variable and quite high in some samples. This may be due to atrazine pre-exposure in subsoils resulting from atrazine deep movement by preferential flow.